母猪妊娠期采食水平对其背膘厚和泌乳期采食量的影响

摘要

为研究母猪妊娠期采食水平对其背膘厚和哺乳期采食量的影响，选择58头大约克母猪，配种后随机分为3组，起始饲喂水平分别按1.8、1.4和0.8倍维持需要供给饲粮（分别为采食高、中、低水平），随着妊娠期延长各组采食水平递增，测定母猪不同阶段的背膘厚，统计母猪妊娠和哺乳期采食量。结果表明，母猪妊娠期高水平的饲喂量可显著增加其配种后30 d、分娩和断奶时的背膘厚，增加1.29%~40.26%，高水平饲喂量使母猪分娩时的背膘厚达到21.74 mm，而妊娠期中、低水平饲喂母猪分娩时的背膘厚为16.87～16.97 mm，极显著低于妊娠期高水平饲喂母猪分娩时的背膘厚。妊娠期的采食量与泌乳期采食量呈极显著负相关，妊娠期中、低水平饲喂的母猪，其分娩后的采食量增加较快，且保持在较高水平，分娩至断奶日采食量达到3.66～4.30 kg。由此可见，母猪妊娠期间饲喂水平自1.4倍维持需要增加至2.6倍最为适宜，不仅有利于母猪分娩后采食量的快速增加，而且有利于母猪妊娠期和哺乳期的背膘厚保持在适宜水平，使母猪哺乳期的体脂损耗减少。%In order to study effects of sow feed intake in gestation on its backfat thickness and feed intake dur-ing lactation period, 58 Yorkshire sows were selected as the study objects, after breeding were randomly divided into three groups. At beginning, three groups of sows were fed at 1.8, 1.4 and 0.8 times of maintaining require-ment respectively (high, median and low feed intake level respectively). With the extension of pregnancy, feed intake of every group increases, the backfat thicknesses of sow in different stages were measured and the feed intake amount of sow in gestation and lactation were accounted. As results showed, the high level feed intake in gestation could increase significantly its back fat thickness by 1.29%~40.26% in stages of 30 d after breeding, delivery and ablactation. In the high level group, the backfat thickness could achieve 21.74 mm during sow de-livery period, while in the median and low level groups, the backfat thickness were 16.87~16.97 mm, which was significantly lower than that of high level group.The feed intake in pregnancy was negatively associated with that in lactation period. The feed intake of pregnancy sows from the median and low level groups increased largely after delivery, and kept at a relatively high level, which was around 3.66~4.30 kg per day from delivery to ablactation.As it showed, the feed intake level for pregnancy sow should increase from 1.4 times to 2.6 times of the maintenance requirement, which benefited not only the significant increasing of feed intake after delivery, but also the maintaining of back fat thickness both in pregnancy and lactation in a certain level, decreasing fat consumption of lactation sow.