中国铜镍(铂族)岩浆硫化物矿床主要成矿构造背景

摘要

This article summarized the main metallogenic tectonic settings of the magmatic Cu-Ni (PGE) deposits in China by the regional distribution characteristics,new progresses in exploration,and new research materials. It found out four important metallogenic tectonic set-tings which were large igneous province,rift on craton margin or intracontinental extensional environment,post-collisional extensional environment on orogenic belt,and active continental margin or island arc. Comparing the findings with other countries,the result showed that China lacks the magmatic sulfide deposits related to greenstone belt and ophiolite belt,but the large scale mineralization in the post-collisional extensional environment on the orogenic belt is quite rare in the world. Therefore,the prospecting direction should fully consider those small mafic-ultramafic intrusions which related to the four types metallogenic tectonic settings mentioned above.%本文基于中国铜镍（铂族）岩浆硫化物矿床区域分布和找矿新进展及新的研究资料，对中国该类矿床的主要成矿构造背景进行总结研究，归纳出大火成岩省、克拉通边缘裂谷或陆内拉张环境、造山带碰撞后伸展环境和活动大陆边缘或岛弧4类重要成矿构造背景，与世界上该类矿床成矿构造背景比照，中国尚缺绿岩带、蛇绿岩带等构造背景的矿床实例。另外，中国的造山带碰撞后伸展环境大规模成矿也是世界上罕见的。由此，今后找矿勘查部署上应充分考虑上述4类成矿构造背景中的小岩体。