用于光谱基准定标传递技术的传递辐射计研究综述

摘要

Transfer radiometer is the critical calibration facility of remote sensing instruments on satellites to achieve spectral ra-diometric calibration on-orbit.It’s also the core for spectral calibration with high accuracy in the laboratory on earth.This paper compares the similarities and differences between several transfer radiometers developed by various institutes covering 200~700, 700~2 000 nm spectrum bandwidth separately through describing their construction,design and operational principles and the method of transferring radiometric calibration benchmark.It shows the realizable accuracy of every transfer radiometers by intro-ducing their central technology applied in the calibration procedures of different wavelength range.The advantages and shortcom-ings together with every transfer radiometer determine the application circumstance.According to the introduction of the process of the calibration traceability based on radiance standard in international institutes of standard technology,it emphasizes the im-portance of transfer radiometers in the procedure.It demonstrates the significance of transfer radiometer in radiometric calibra-tion of aeronautics and space through its application of monitoring the calibration light source for spectrometers.Finally,it pres-ents the prospect for the development and crucial issues of transfer radiometer’s technology in the future research through descri-bing the new transfer radiometer designed in internal institute.Simultaneously,it predicts and summarizes difficult problems re-quired to be solved in the future as to high-accuracy calibration transferring system on-orbit against SI-traceable primary stand-ard,which consists of cryogenic radiometers and transfer radiometers.%传递辐射计是实现卫星遥感仪器在轨光谱辐射定标传递的核心设备,也是地面实验室高精度光谱定标系统的关键。介绍了不同机构研制的覆盖350~700,700~2500 nm 谱段的多个传递辐射计的结构组成、工作原理及辐射定标基准传递方式,及其异同点的比对,再通过它们在不同谱段的定标过程中所应用的关键技术的分析,说明每种技术的优缺点和所能达到的精度,及其应用条件。文中通过对国际上标准计量机构采用的光谱辐亮度基准定标传递过程的介绍,突出了传递辐射计系统的重要作用,再结合其对光谱仪等遥感器定标光源的定标监测应用,说明了传递辐射计在航天辐射定标领域的不可或缺性。最后,通过国内设计的新型传递辐射计的介绍,对传递辐射计未来研究的发展方向和关键问题进行了展望,并对传递辐射计搭配低温辐射计组成的未来实现可溯源国际单位制在轨基准定标传递系统所存在的研究难点予以预测分析。