载人航天器组合体氧分压控制仿真分析

摘要

载人航天器组合体通常由多个具备不同功能的密封舱通过在轨组装形成,并由其中的单个密封舱利用舱间换气对组合体空气环境进行集中控制.文章建立了一种载人航天器组合体氧分压控制仿真分析模型,对五舱载人航天器组合体组装建造过程中各密封舱氧分压和空气总压变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明,受舱间换气量、密封舱数量、航天员驻留位置变化等因素的影响,组合体氧分压和空气总压变化趋势与单个密封舱情况存在显著差异.随着密封舱数量的增加,离氧分压主控舱输运距离越远的密封舱,氧分压的波动范围越窄,且所能达到的氧分压上限也越低;同时,组合体空气总压的波动范围也越窄.随着舱间换气量的增大,各密封舱氧分压的差异逐渐缩小,组合体的空气总压波动范围增大.五舱组合体的氧分压和空气总压变化范围及波动周期,明显小于与它总容积相同的单个密封舱,这种差异随着舱间换气量的增大而减小.文章的研究结果有助于载人航天器组合体环境控制系统的设计和优化.%Manned spacecraft combination is usually assembled by several pressurized cabins with different functions.Air environment of manned spacecraft combination is usually controlled by one of these pressurized cabins through inter-cabin ventilation.A simulation analysis model of O2 partial pressure control of manned spacecraft combination is developed.By using this simulation model,O2 partial pressure and air pressure of manned spacecraft combination with five cabins are analyzed during the assembling process.The analysis results show that O2 partial pressure and air pressure of combination have different varying trends from that of single cabin due to the change of inter-cabin mass transfer,cabin number,crew location,etc.As transport distance of intercabin ventilation is increasing,varying range of O2 partial pressure of pressurized cabins without O2 partial pressure control system is getting smaller and smaller,furthermore,O2 partial pressure highest value is becoming lower and lower,meanwhile,varying range of air pressure of combination is getting smaller and smaller.As inter-cabin ventilation flux is increasing,difference of O2 partial pressure between pressurized cabins is decreasing and varying range of air pressure of combination is increasing.Varying range and cycle of O2 partial pressure as well as air pressure of five-cabin combination are dramatically smaller than that of single pressurized cabin with the same volume.The difference is decreasing when the inter-cabin ventilation flux is increasing.The analysis results can contribute to the design and optimization of environment control system of manned spacecraft combination.