香型软米水稻胞质雄性不育系异交性能的研究

摘要

良好的异交性能对于不育系的广泛应用至关重要.本研究以5个新育成的香型软米胞质雄性不育系文香24A、文香28A、壮香2051A、豪香310A、水香285A等为试验材料,对其异交性能进行分析研究.结果表明:文香24A的单株和单穗开花历期最短,文香28A的单株开花历期和壮香2051A的单穗开花历期最长;除水香285A外,不育系壮香2051A、豪香310A、文香28A、文香24A的张颖持续时间比对照长;参试不育系都有较高的包穗率,但5个新育成不育系的包穗率比对照低;不育系的柱头外露率从高到低依次是文香28A、水香285A、壮香2051A、豪香310A、文香24A、珍汕97A,单外露率高于双外露率;文香28A、水香285A、豪香310A有1个明显的开花高峰期,文香28A尤为突出,对照珍汕97A 开花相对分散;文香28A的柱头活力保持时间最长,对照珍汕97A柱头活力下降最慢;大田自然异交结实率以文香28A最高,对照珍汕97A最低,豪香310、壮香2051A和文香24A异交结实率在30 %以上.新育成的5个不育系的异交性能均比对照具有不同程度的优势,有利于制种生产的利用.%Outcrossing habits of favorable characters is significant for wide utilization of sterile lines.Outcrossing characteristics of 5 newly-developed Indica cytoplasmic male sterile lines(CMS)(Wenxiang24A,Wenxiang28A,Zhuangxiang2051A,Haoxiang310A,Shuixiang285A) were studied.Results showed: the flowering duration of single plant and single panicle of Wenxiang24A was the shortest,flowering duration of single plant of Wenxiang 28A and of single panicle Zhuangxiang2051A were the largest.With the exception of Shuixiang285A ,spikelet opening time of Zhuangxiang2051A,Haoxiang310A,Wenxiang28A and Wenxiang24A were langer than that of Zhenshan97A(CK). All the P(T)CMS have higher wrapround spikelet rates,the wrapround spikelet rate of 5CMS were lower than that of Zhenshan98A(CK).The stigma exsertion order of 6 CMS in the sequence of decending was Wenxiang28A,Shuixiang285A,Zhuangxiang2051A,Haoxiang310A,Wenxiang24A Zhenshan98A(CK),single stigma exerted rate was higher than double stigma exerted rate.Wenxiang28A,Haoxiang310A and Shuixiang285A had a obviously high flowering time,Wenxiang28A was especially,Zhenshan97A(CK) has not high flowering time.The duration the stigma vitality of Wenxiang28A was the longest,and the fall of the stigma vitality of Zhenshan98A(CK) was the slowest.As for the rate of cross seed-setting,Wenxiang28A was the highest, Zhenshan98A(CK) was the lowest,and that of Haoxiang310A, Zhuangxiang2051A and Wenxiang24A were more than 30 %. Outcrossing habits of 5 newly-developed Indica cytoplasmic male sterile lines showed distinct preponderance with check. It means that 5 new sterile lines could be used in hybrid seeds production.