The community composition and quantity distribution of soil animals in three typical landform types ( Bijie plateau mountainous land, Zhenfeng plateau canyon and Qingzhen plateau basin )were surveyed under the background of drought condition in April, 2010 to compare with those in the same habitats of three typical landform types in April, 2009 for studying the effect of drought on community composition and quantity distribution of soil animals in karst rocky desertification ecological rehabilitation areas in Guizhou. The results showed that there were 3139 soil animals (24 orders, 12 classes and 4 phylums) in three karst rocky desertification ecological rehabilitation areas in A-pril, 2009 but there were 1031 soil animals (17 orders,8 classes and 2 phylums) in three karst rocky desertification ecological rehabilitation areas in April, 2010, the drought resulted in decrease of species and total individual quantity of soil animals in karst rocky desertification areas with fragile ecological environment, the maximum decrease range of individual quantity was Collembola and Acarina, the horizontal and vertical distribution of total individual soil animal quantity decreased obviously, and the diversity, uniformity, dominance and richness index reduced rapidly.%为了解干旱对贵州典型喀斯特石漠化生态治理环境土壤动物群落组成和数量分布的影响,在2010年贵州干旱的背景下,于4月分别对贵州毕节喀斯特高原山地、贞丰喀斯特高原峡谷和清镇喀斯特高原盆地地貌类型的土壤动物进行了调查,并与2009年同期在相同生境下的3个研究区土壤动物群落组成和数量分布进行对比.结果显示:清镇、毕节和贞丰3个研究区土壤动物类群在2009年4月为4门12纲24目,个体总数3139只,而在受到干旱影响的2010年4月则为2门8纲17目,个体总数1 031只.干旱导致喀斯特石漠化脆弱生态环境下土壤动物类群数和个体总数量减少,其中个体数减少幅度最大的是弹尾目和蜱螨目等占优势的中小型类群,其他种类也不同程度的受到影响；土壤动物个体总数的水平和垂直分布明显下降,多样性、均匀性、优势度和丰富度指数急剧降低.
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