解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株XZ-1对甘薯黑斑病的生物防治效果研究

摘要

[Objective]Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XZ-1 was a biological control strain with broad-spectrum antifungal activity which isolated from sweetpotato rhizasphere soil by our research group.In this study,biological control effect against black rot on sweetpotato was tested.[Method] Plate confrontation method was used for antagonistic activity of XZ-1 against Ceratocystis fimbriata;Microscope examination was used for morphology of Ceratocystis fimbriata hyphae which treated by XZ-1 fermentation;Spraying the storage root was used for evaluating the biological control efficacy of XZ-1 against black rot of sweetpotato.[Result] The results showed that XZ-1 had obvious antagonistic activity against Ceratocystis fimbriata,and the average diameter of inhibition zone was 25.3 mm;XZ-1 strain could induce no obvious swelling or abnormal effects on Ceratocystisfimbriata mycelium,but could change the sporulation type.Also the fermentation of XZ-1 could significantly inhibit the spore germination of Ceratocystisfimbriata.The control efficacy tests against black rot on storage root showed that the incidence of disease volumes which treated by 3 different concentrations of XZ-1 fermentation including XZ-1 initial fermentation,10 × diluent of XZ-1 initial fermentation and 100 × diluent of XZ-1 initial fermentation were 12.64 mm3,13.84 mm3 and 15.75 mm3,respectively,all these three disease volumes were significantly lower than that of the control.The incidence of disease volume which treated by carbendazim was 26.00 mm3 and it showed no significantly difference with the control.The biological control efficacy of 3 different concentrations of XZ-1 fermentation including XZ-1 initial fermentation,10 × diluent of XZ-1 initial fermentation and 100 × diluent of XZ-1 initial fermentation were 65.02 ％,58.19 ％ and 54.14 ％,respectively.The control efficacy of 1600 × diluent of carbendazim was only 23.99 ％,which showed significantly lower control efficacy than the three different concentrations of XZ-1 fermentation.[Conclusion]This study indicated that XZ-1 had brilliant control efficacy on the storage period of sweetpotato,our research provided a new way for the control against black rot of sweetpotato during the storage period.%[目的]解淀粉芽孢杆菌XZ-1是江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所甘薯病虫害防控课题组从甘薯根际土壤中筛选到一株具有广谱抗真菌活性的生防菌株,本文拟研究该菌株对甘薯黑斑病的室内生物防治效果.[方法]采用平板对峙法、显微观察法等测定了XZ-1对甘薯黑斑病菌菌丝形态以及孢子萌发的影响,并采用不同浓度XZ-1发酵液对薯块黑斑病的防治效果进行研究.[结果]XZ-1对甘薯黑斑病菌有明显的拮抗活性,其抑菌带平均直径可达25.3 mm;该菌株对黑斑病菌菌丝没有明显的致膨大或致畸作用,但可以导致黑斑病菌产孢类型的改变,同时该菌株发酵液还可以抑制黑斑病菌孢子的萌发.薯块黑斑病防治试验结果表明XZ-1原液,XZ-1 10×稀释液和XZ-1 100×稀释液处理的薯块黑斑病发病体积分别为12.64,13.84和15.75 mm3,3种不同浓度的XZ-1发酵液处理的薯块黑斑病发病体积均与对照病斑体积35.08mm3呈极显著水平差异;而多菌灵处理的薯块黑斑病发病体积为26.00 mm3,与对照薯块发病体积没有显著性差异.防治效果分析表明,XZ-1原液,XZ-1 10×稀释液和XZ-1 100×稀释液处理对黑斑病的防治效果分别为65.02％,58.19％和54.14％,而多菌灵1600倍液处理对黑斑病防治效果仅为23.99％,XZ-13种不同浓度的发酵液对黑斑病的防效与多菌灵对黑斑病的防效呈极显著水平差异.[结论]本研究表明XZ-1对储藏期甘薯黑斑病具有较好的防治效果,为储藏期甘薯甘薯黑斑病的防控开辟了一条新途径.