成都平原地区增加光照时数对马铃薯开花的影响

摘要

[目的]马铃薯开花需要适宜的环境条件,包括温度、湿度和光照时数,短日照条件,早熟品种一般不能在类似成都平原的低海拔地区开花.[方法]本试验在室内利用LED灯增加每日光照时间(12、14、16 h)研究了在成都平原地区增加光照时数对马铃薯开花的影响效果.[结果]延长光照时数增加了每日开花的数量、开花的周期,并且增强了马铃薯开花期对低温的抵抗能力.每日光照时数在12 h以上时,增加光照时数能显著的增加开花,同时也能增加叶片的叶绿素含量.仅在早上和晚上增加光照,增加的开花量高于全天增加光照的试验组.试验结果还显示,增加光照时数后,在较低的温度环境下马铃薯也能开花,而且即使因温度骤降暂时停止开花,在温度回升后,增加光照时数可以恢复植株的开花能力.[结论]马铃薯花期增加日照时数显著的增加了花序数量和开花的数量,延长了开花持续的时间,增强了对低温的抵抗能力,有利于杂交育种工作的开展.%[Objective] The blossoming of potato needs suitable environmental conditions,including temperature,humidity and illumination hours.The prematurity variety almost can not bloom in low altitude area like Chengdu plain for the short illumination hours.[Method] In this paper,effects of increasing illumination hours on potato(Solanum tuberosum) blossoming in Chengdu plain area were studied,through increasing daily illumination time(12,14,16 hours) by using LED lights indoors.[Result] The increasing illumination hours augments the numbers of daily blooming,the period of flowering,and enhances the ability of anti low temperature in potato blossoming stage.When it was above 12 hours,the increase of the daily illumination time could significantly increase the flowering quantities and the chlorophyll contents of leaves.The increase of flowering amounts in the group illuminated just in morning and evening,were higher than that in the group illuminated in the whole day.The test results showed that by increasing of illumination time,potato can blossom in the lower temperature than normal state.And even if the temperature plunged and the plants stop flowering,by increasing of illumination time,the plants could recover the ability of blossom after temperature rising again.[Conclusion] In potato flower stage,the increase of illumination time could significantly increase the number of inflorescence and flower,prolong the duration of flowering,enhance the resistance to low temperature,which all were conducive to the hybrid breeding.