非侵入式居民电力负荷监测与分解技术

摘要

Nonintrusive residential load monitoring and decomposition (NILMD) technology is a novel method for electricity consumption details monitoring. Residential load details monitoring is of great significance for power utilities optimizing power grid planning, operation and management, consumers saving electricity consumption and fee, and the whole society improving the consciousness of ecological civilization, and fulfilling it into practical action. As to residential load details monitoring, the nonintrusive method has advantages of simplicity, low-cost, high reliability and easiness to be rapidly popularized and used over the intrusive method. To begin with the fundamental basis for realizing NILMD-load signature, this paper briefly discusses the basic principle, load decomposition model and solving method. NILMD technology is expected to develop into the core technology of a new generation of smart meter. Since the residential load composition is the most complicated, this technology is also available for the consumption details monitoring of industrial and commercial loads.%非侵入式居民电力负荷监测与分解技术是一种全新的监测负荷耗电细节的技术。居民用电细节监测在电力公司优化电网的规划、运行与管理，电力用户节省耗电量和电费，以及全社会把提高生态文明意识付诸实践等方面具有重要意义。在这种用电细节监测中，非侵入式方法同侵入式方法相比具有简单、经济、可靠和易于迅速推广应用等优势。从实现非侵入式居民电力负荷监测与分解的基本依据--负荷印记入手，简述了基本原理、负荷分解模型和求解方法。该项技术有望发展成为新一代智能电表的核心技术。鉴于居民电力负荷组成最为复杂，该技术亦可用于工业和商业负荷用电细节的监测。