偏好的异质性与一致性--基于损失厌恶和脑刺激的神经经济学研究

摘要

行为经济学家通过经验观察发现了个体风险决策中的损失厌恶现象，从而对经济学理性假说的公理体系构成了挑战。我们运用神经经济学的研究方法，通过经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）技术，从因果关系角度进一步验证了损失厌恶的神经机制。我们的研究发现，大脑神经系统对收益和损失的信息处理是非对称性的，从而使风险决策者的偏好表现出明显的逆转；但在给定的情境（收益或损失）下，决策者的行为偏好仍然服从一致性公理的要求。这一研究结果既可以拓展经济学对人类行为偏好的传统认识，又可以容纳行为经济学家对人类行为偏好的经验观察，从而为经济学基础理论的发展提供了一种可行的范式。%Behavioral economists empirically observed phenomenon of loss aversion when individuals made risk decisions.This is a challenge to economics axiom system based on the rational man hypothesis.We use neuroeconomics research methods to test the neural mechanisms of loss aversion from causal relationship perspective by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)technology.Our study found that they are non -symmetry when brain nervous system process information about gains and losses,so that the risk preference of decision makers showed obvious reversals.However,the behavioral preference of decision makers is still subject to the requirements of consistency axiom in the given situation (gains or losses).The results of this study can not only expand the traditional understandings about human behavioral preferences in economics,but also accommodate empirical observations about human behavioral preferences from behavioral economists,and thus provides a feasible paradigm for development of the basic economics theory.