南海区大型灯光罩网渔场渔期和渔获组成分析

摘要

根据2005年8月～2010年5月“琼文昌33180”渔船的生产监测记录,分析了南海区大型灯光罩网渔业的渔场渔期分布和主要渔获组成.结果显示,鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)、鲹科(Carangidae)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、枪乌贼(Loligo)和舵鲣(Auxis)等为主要渔获种类,分别占总产量的40.94％、21.92％、13.56％、10.17％和6.21％；作业渔场可分为西、中沙邻近深水海域(Ⅰ区)、珠江口外大陆架海域(Ⅱ区)、北部湾大陆架海域(Ⅲ区)3个区域；Ⅰ区主捕鸢乌贼(91.10％),大型金枪鱼类也占0.83％的比例；Ⅱ区主捕鲹科(42.88％)、枪乌贼(20.34％)和带鱼(14.52％)；Ⅲ区主捕带鱼(45.06％)、鲹科(22.16％)和枪乌贼(14.58％).3月～5月主要在Ⅰ区生产,8月～9月和12月～翌年2月主要在Ⅱ区生产,10月～11月主要在Ⅲ区生产.外海(Ⅰ区)作业天数的年度波动较大,建议调整罩网外海休渔制度.%Based on the monitoring data of “QIONG WEN CHANG NO · 33180” from August 2005 to May 2010,we analyzed the fishing grounds,fishing season and dominant species of large-scale light falling-net fisheries in South China Sea.Results show that the dominant species are Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,Carangidae,Trichiurns japonicus,Loligo and Auxis,which account for 40.94％,21.92％,13.56％,10.17％ and 6.21％ of the total,respectively.We divide the fishing grounds into three areas:area Ⅰ,which is located in deep waters close to Xisha & Zhongsha Islands ; area Ⅱ,located in continental shelf waters outside Pearl River estuary ;and area Ⅲ,located in continental shelf waters in Beibu Gulf.Dominant species of area Ⅰ is S.oualaniensi,which account for 91.10％ of total landings,and the second most species is large tunas (Thunnus albacares,T.obesus),making up 0.83％.Dominant species of area Ⅱ are Carangidae,Loligo and T.japonicus,which account for 42.88％,20.34％ and 14.52％,respectively.Dominant species of area Ⅲ are T.japonicus,Carangidae and Loligo,which account for 45.06％,22.16％ and 14.58％,respectively.The fishing vessels operate mainly in area Ⅰ from March to May,in area Ⅱ from August to September and December to February,and in area Ⅲ from October to November.Besides,annual fishing days in area Ⅰ vary dramatically.It is suggested that Fishing Closed Season for falling-net fishing in area Ⅰ should be adjusted.