土壤动物在土壤有机质形成中的作用

摘要

作为土壤生态系统重要组成部分的土壤动物，在土壤元素循环转化和迁移过程中发挥着重要的作用。土壤动物是凋落物分解的“微型粉碎机”，通过体内“特殊转换器”，影响土壤有机质的转化、腐殖质的形成。本文从土壤动物对地表枯落物分解入手，分析了影响土壤动物对凋落物分解的因素，土壤动物通过刺激土壤酶活性，与土壤微生物群落一起，加快土壤有机物的分解，促进土壤腐殖质的转化。旨在拓宽土壤动物生态功能，丰富土壤腐殖质形成机理学说，对保护土壤生物多样性、提高土壤地力、保障粮食安全具有重要的科学意义。%As an important component of soil ecosystems, soil fauna play an important role in the process of soil element cycling, transformation and migration. Soil fauna is regarded as litter decomposition “micro-muller”, and through the body “special converter”, it can accelerate the formation of soil humus. Based on the soil fauna on the earth’s surface litter decomposition, this paper summarized the influential factors of soil fauna on litter decomposition, transformation and migration of soil elements and formation of humus in soils. Soil fauna combined with microbes accelerated the decomposition of soil organic matter, and transformation of soil humus by stimulating soil enzyme activities. The purposes of this paper are to broaden the soil fauna ecological functions and to expand the theory of soil humus formation. The contents of the paper will provide important references for protecting soil biodiversity, improving soil fertility, and safeguarding grain security.