施用壳聚糖水溶肥对西瓜生长及产量的影响

摘要

通过温室试验研究了壳聚糖水溶肥不同施用方式及不同施用量对西瓜生长、产量的影响。试验设置喷施与滴灌2种施用方式,各设置4个处理,分别为喷施清水、喷施壳聚糖1000倍液、500倍液和250倍液；每次滴灌清水,滴灌壳聚糖450、900和1800 mL/hm2,3次重复。试验结果表明,西瓜定植35 d后喷施壳聚糖水溶肥处理西瓜叶片叶绿素、西瓜茎粗,叶片数及主茎长均显著大于清水喷施处理,其中稀释250倍液西瓜叶片叶绿素含量最高, SPAD值为65．90,主茎长最大,主茎长为80．73 cm；但是在第50 d西瓜生长差异不显著。施用壳聚糖水溶肥能够显著提高西瓜产量,其中喷施效果优于滴灌,其中每次滴灌1800 mL/hm2处理西瓜产量最高,西瓜产量为49550 kg/hm2。不论是喷施还是滴灌壳聚糖水溶肥均能够显著增加西瓜糖度,根据试验结果,喷施效果优于滴灌。综上所述,施用壳聚糖水溶肥能显著提高西瓜长势,增加西瓜糖度和产量,建议喷施为主要施用方式。%Effect of water-soluble chitosan fertilizer application on the growth and yields of watermelon was studied by apply-ing chitosan water-soluble fertilizer in different ways and in different dosage in greenhouse. Two kinds of application methods were set with 4 level for each method. The eight treatments, were sprayed with water, sprayed with chitosan which be dilu-ted 1 000 times, 500 times and 250 times, drip irrigation water, drip irrigation 450 mL/hm2 every time, 900 mL/hm2 ev-ery time and 1 800/hm2 every time. Every treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that after 35 days plant-ing, chlorophyll, stem diameter, number of leaves and stem length of watermelon for the sprayed with chitosan treatments were significantly greater than those for spraying water treatment. The highest chlorophyll content and the maximum length of the main stem occurred in the treatment sprayed with chitosan diluted 250 times, with the value of 65. 90 and 80. 73 cm, re-spectively. After 50 days watermelon planting, there was no significant difference. Application of water-soluble chitosan fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of watermelon, and spraying was better than drip irrigation. The highest yield of watermelon was 49 550 kg per hectare, which was drip irrigated 1 800 mL/hm2 every time water-soluble chitosan. Whether spraying or drip irrigation, water soluble chitosan were able to significantly increase watermelon sugar content. Ac-cording to the test results, the spraying pattern method was better than drip irrigation. In summary, the application of wa-ter-soluble chitosan fertilizers could significantly improve the growing of watermelon, sugar content and yield, and spraying was recommended as the better method.