施用 Fe、 Zn 对山地梨枣生长及品质的影响

摘要

To study the effects of iron and zinc fertilizers on growth and quality of pear - jujube, field experiment combined with laboratory analysis was used, and pear - jujube in loess hilly - gully mountains was selected as experimental materials. The results showed that the length of shoots, leaf weight, leaf area of treatment of LG’s (0. 6% + 0. 3% FeSO4 , ZnSO4 + N, P basal) were the largest, increased by 44. 3% , 18. 8% , 60. 1% and 75. 1% respectively compared with CK. Iron and/ or zinc spraying had improved fruit setting rate, fruit weight and yield in different degrees. The fruit weight, fruit setting rate, yield in treatment LG were the highest among all the treatments, and increased by 43. 5% , 11. 2% and 81. 8% respectively compared with CK. The contents of sugar, soluble solids, solid acid ratio, Vc and total flavonoids were increased in different degrees in iron and zinc treatments. TA content of LG was 0. 85% , decreased by 0. 43% compared with CK. Iron and zinc fertilization significantly improved iron and zinc content in fruit. Thus iron and zinc fertilization could effectively promote the growth of pear - jujube, yield, and fruit quality. In a word, LG was the best treatment in this experiment.%采用野外试验与室内分析相结合，以10年生黄土丘陵区梨枣(Zizyphus jujube Mill. cv. Lizao)为研究对象，在基施 N、 P 的基础上，研究了根施和叶面喷施 Fe、 Zn 肥对梨枣生长及品质的影响。结果表明：各施肥处理中 LG (0．6% FeSO4+0．3% ZnSO4+ N、 P 基肥)的新梢增加量、 SPAD 值、百叶重和叶面积最大，分别较 CK 提高了44．3%、18．8%、60．1%和75．1%； Fe、 Zn 喷施不同程度地提高了梨枣座果率、单果重和产量； LG 处理的单果重、座果率、产量最高，分别较 CK 提高了43．5%、11．2%和81．8%； Fe、 Zn 处理的糖、可溶性固形物、固酸比、 Vc 和总黄酮含量等指标均不同程度地提高，可滴定酸的含量以 LG 最低，为0．85%，较 CK 降低了0．43%；单施 Fe、 Zn 后，果实中 Fe、 Zn 含量显著提高。因此，在黄土丘陵区施用 Fe、 Zn 肥可有效促进梨枣的生长发育，提高产量，并显著改善果实品质，以 LG 处理的效果最佳。