四川省凉山地区川崎病流行病学特点

摘要

目的 了解四川省凉山地区川崎病( KD)流行病学特点、临床表现和冠状动脉损害情况. 方法 对2002年1月1日至2010年12月31日在我州各医院住院的KD患儿进行回顾性调查、分析. 结果 共调查22所医院,有KD患儿356例. 发病年龄2个月~14. 1岁,中位年龄为2. 3岁;发病高峰为2岁,91. 6%患儿<5岁;男:女=1. 36:1. 2005年及2010年有两次发病高峰,每年于7~8月为发病高峰期,1月份发病例数最少. 复发率为1. 4%,男女复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05). 356例中彝族儿童仅6例,其发病率与汉族比较差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05). 无近期死亡病例,发热为最主要的临床表现,而颈淋巴结肿大最少见,不完全KD发生率为31. 7%. 使用IVIG 1g/kg者较使用2g/kg者更易对丙球无反应,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05). 冠状动脉损害率为37. 9%,完全KD与不完全KD发生冠状动脉损害差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05). 结论 2002年至2010年四川凉山彝族地区KD发病年龄特征、性别比例与国内一些地区及日本相似. 但发病季节与国内一些地区及日本、美国等不一致,每年仅有夏季一个流行高峰期. 彝族儿童患病率明显低于汉族儿童.%Objective Understand the liangshan region of sichuan province kawasaki disease ( KD) epidemiological char-acteristics, clinical manifestation and coronary artery lesions. Methods On January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2010, in my state of each hospital KD children with retrospective investigation and analysis. Results Investigated 22 hospital, 356 cases of children with KD. The onset age 2 months to 14. 1 years old, the median age of 2. 3 years. Peaks is 2 years old, 91. 6% of children<5 years old. Male:female = 1. 36:1. Have two peaks in 2005 and 2010. Every year for 7~8 month morbidity peak, were the least in January. The recurrence rate was 1. 4%. No statistical difference was found between men and women the recurrence rate. Yi in 356 cases of children only 6 cases, the incidence of the difference compared with the han nationality. No recent deaths. Fever as the major clinical manifestations,and was swollen the most rare. The incidence of incomplete KD was 31. 7%. Using IVIG 1g/kg was used 2g/kg for acrylic ball reaction occurred more often, the difference between the two, Coronary artery damage rate was 37. 9%. Fully KD with incomplete KD in coronary artery damage no statistical difference. Conclusion In 2002 ~ 2010 KD on-set age characteristics, sichuan liangshan yi sex ratio is similar to some domestic areas and Japan. But in the winter and some do-mestic areas and Japan, the United States, a year only a popular summer peak. Yi children significantly lower prevalence of han Chinese children.