With the rapid development of social economy and continuous progress of science and technology, spatial geographic information has been more widely applied and has played an increasingly important role. From the view of government management and leadership decision, scientific layout, overall planning, appropriate utilization of land resources, effective promoting of the construction of major projects, protecting of resources, emergency rescue and urban management are all closely related with geographic information service. Geographic information has an obvious preponderance compared with words on the description of geographical distribution, location and trend analysis with its perfect intuitive and visible ability, and work maps for leading organs has become an important tool for government scientific management and decision-making. This paper gives a brief analysis of the concept of geographical database, and the current social demands of geographical information service. It analyzes the building and maintenance of geographical database based on symbolic representation of geographic elements, and through the geographical information semantic expression skil , it solves practical problems such as multi-environment, multi-layer and multi-level geographical information online applications and therefore greatly broadens the depth and breadth of application.%随着经济社会的快速发展和科学技术的不断进步，空间地理信息应用越来越广、作用越来越大。对于政府管理与领导决策来说，科学布局、统筹规划、合理利用国土空间、有效推进重大工程建设、保护资源、应急救援、城市管理等诸多方面都离不开地理信息服务。地理信息在描述地理分布、空间区位、趋势分析等方面生成的地图具有文字无法比拟的优势，具有良好的直观性和可视性，已成为政府科学管理和决策重要工具。扼要分析了地理数据库的概念和当前社会对地理信息服务的需求，据此研究了以地理要素符号化表达为核心地理数据库的构建和维护方法，通过地理信息语义表达等技术解决了多环境、多层次、多级别的地理信息在线应用等实际问题，极大地拓宽了地理信息的应用深度和广度。
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