基于“就业-居住”空间视角的产城融合内涵分析*--以西宁为例

摘要

Since China’s Reform and Opening Up, economic and technical development zones emerged throughout the country, and the concept of industry-city integration was generated from it. However, in the past over 30 years, the separation of employment and residence, the phenomena of ghost city or sleeping city became common problems in China, leading to various social abuses. Therefore, from aspect of jobs-housing spatial relationship, this paper ifrstly summarizes scholars’ research work. Then taking Xining Economic and Technological Development Zone as an empirical case. It proposes that core connotation of industry-city integration is ‘jobs-housing matching’, further achieving urban functions’ system balance. That is to say, such integration does not simply refer to spatial adjoining or mixture, but rather the match of employment opportunity, residence opportunity, public facilities and transportation cost. The key is to eliminate those obstacles impeding employee’s free choice between jobs, houses, public facilities and transportation.%改革开放初期，伴随着各类产业区或新城区的快速建设，产城融合的理念随之产生。但经历多年发展后，居住与就业分离、“卧城”与“鬼城”频出等问题在许多产业区、新城区屡屡发生。从“就业—居住”的空间视角出发，总结学术界对产城融合问题的研究思路和研究成果；进而以西宁经济技术开发区为实证案例，提出产城融合的核心内涵为“就业—居住的要素匹配”，从而实现城市功能系统的平衡。即这种融合不是单纯表现为地理空间上的毗邻或者混合，而是要致力于就业机会、住房机会、公共服务设施配置、交通成本等多种要素的匹配；关键是消除阻碍就业者根据自身偏好在工作、住房、公共服务和交通之间进行自由选择的障碍。