Adopting split-plot design, optimization for high yield rice population was carried out on 4 cultivars mainly planted in Sanjiang region in 2009-2010. Row spacing, plant spacing and seedling number per hill of these cultivars for high yielding cultivation were defined. The results indicated that 5-8 seedlings per hill, 10 cm plant spacing and 24 cm row spacing could obtain high yield in this region. Compared with conventional production (4 seedlings per hill, 13. 3 cm plant spacing and 30 cm row spacing) , the theoretical yield of Longjing 20 and Kenjing 3 cultivated in agricultural scientific research institute of Jiansanjiang was increased by 43. 1% and 29.4% respectively,and the difference in them was highly significant. The theoretical yield of Kongyu 131 and Longjing 26 cultivated in the research and development centre of seven stars was higher than that of conventional production ( increased 57. 3% ,47. 9% ) , and the difference in them was also highly significant. Plant spacing and row spacing were negatively correlated with yield, and most of negative correlation between plant spacing and yield reached significant or highly significant level. Plant spacing was the most important limiting factor for high yield in the three factors. Therefore, agricultural machinery should be adjusted, which is full use of local natural resources to achieve the most efficient rice yield, a very cost-effective technical measures in Sanjiang region.%采用裂区设计,于2009 ～2010年对三江地区主栽的4个品种进行高产群体结构优化研究,以明确各品种高产栽培的株行距和穴苗数配置.结果表明,在此地区采用5～8苗/穴、株距10 cm、行距24 cm的配置可以获得高产.建三江科研所的龙粳20号和垦粳3号较生产中常规配置为4苗/穴、株距13.3 cm、行距30 cm的理论产量分别增产43.1％和29.4％,且差异均达到极显著水平;七星研发中心的空育131和龙粳26号的理论产量较常规配置分别增产57.3％和47.9％,差异也达到极显著水平;株、行距与产量均呈负相关,其中株距与产量的负相关多达到显著或极显著水平,株距是3个因子中获得高产的最重要限制因子.因此,对于三江地区从农机上加以改造,这是充分利用当地的自然资源,实现水稻更高产的最为快捷、经济有效的的技术措施.
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