无人机(UAV)施药防控美国白蛾的飞行参数及防治效果

摘要

[目的]精准有效地解决常规森防器械难以进入林地核心区、施药量大、效率低等问题,掌握无人机防治美国白蛾的最佳施药飞行参数.[方法]在林间利用曙红水基染色法对YM-V6型无人机防治美国白蛾飞行施药的雾滴飘移距离、雾滴密度、穿透性、均匀度等进行测定.[结果]当无人机距离树冠顶端2.5 ～3.5 m施药时,无人机施药飞行速度在1.5 ～3 m·s-1范围内,雾滴飘移距离较小,可控在2～3m以内,施药穿透力可以达到10 m,雾滴密度较高,雾滴均匀度好,施药效果好.在无人机航高为距树冠顶端3.0m,并以2.5 m·s-1速度作业时,对林间上、中、下部靶标的雾滴沉积效果进行了分析,林间上部的雾滴直径较大,雾滴均匀度低,中、下部雾滴直径较小,但均匀度高,雾滴在上、中、下部的沉积密度差异显著.[结论]无人机在距树冠顶端2.5～3.5 m、飞行速度为1.5～3 m·s-1时,施药效果好.使用无人机分别喷洒1.8％阿维菌素乳油和1.0％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油防治美国白蛾,施药后24、48和72 h虫口校正死亡率分别为30％、50％和70％左右,无人机喷洒1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油的防效高于1.8％阿维菌素乳油.%[Objective] This study investigated the flight parameters and control effects against Fall Webworm (Hyphantria cunea) by using UAV in poplar plantation.The results would provide a new way to control Fall Webworm.[Method] In this study,the droplets drifting distance,deposition density,penetrability and distribution of aerial spray by using UAV (YM-V6) for controlling Fall Webworm in the forest were investigated with water-based staining tracing method.[Result]The result showed that when the UAV was 2.5-3.5 m from the top of the canopy (relative flight height),and the flight speed of the UAV was within 1.5-3 m · s-1,the droplets drift distance was limited in 2-3 m,spray penetration could reach l0 m,and the density and homogeneity of droplets were well,and as a result,the applying pesticide effect was well.Analyzing the droplets deposition effect in upper,middle and lower of the target showed that when the UAV flight speed was in 2.5 m· s-1,and the relative flight height was 3.0 m in the plantation,the diameter of droplets in the upper part of forest was bigger,the homogeneity was lower;the diameter of droplets in middle and lower of forest was smaller,and the homogeneity was higher.The deposition density of droplets in up,middle,and lower part was significant different.[Conclusion] The applying pesticide effect was well when the UAV was 2.5-3.5 m from the top of the canopy,and the flight speed was within 1.5-3 m· s-1.In spraying insecticides of Abamectin and Emamectin-benzoate by the UAV to prevent and control Fall Webworm,we surveyed the insecticides effect after 24,48 and 72 h,the corrected mortality was about 30％,50％ and 70％.The control effect of the single dose of Emamectin-benzoate was better than the single dose of Abamectin slightly.