氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及经济效益的影响

摘要

[Objective] The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) on rapeseed yield, yield related traits, and profit of hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). [Method] Field experiments were conducted at 12 sites in Jiangxi provinces during 2008-2009. [Result] The combined application of NPKB increased the yield of rapeseed significantly. The average yield of NPKB treatment was 2 015 kg·hm-2. The average yield of CK treatment was 894 kg·hm-2, which was 1 121,839, 758, 746, and 249 kg·hm-2 lower than those of NPKB, NPK, NKB, NPB, and PKB treatments, respectively. The average profit of NPKB treatment was up to 5 449.5 yuan/hm2 according to the prices of fertilizer and rapeseed during the production season. Compared with CK treatments, profit of NPKB, NPK, NKB, and NPB treatments increased by 2 231.1, 1 298.4, 1 280.7, and 1 541.1 yuan/hm2, respectively, while the profit of the treatment PKB decreased by 206.1 yuan/hm2.[Conclusion] It was concluded that the combination of NPKB fertilizers significantly increased both yield and profits of the hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers is the guarantee of realization of maximum hybrid rapeseed.%[目的]指导当前生产条件下江西油菜测土配方施肥技术的推广.[方法]2008-2009年在江西省设置12个田间试验,研究氮、磷、钾和硼肥施用对甘蓝型杂交油菜产量及其相关性状的影响,并对施肥经济效益进行分析.[结果]氮磷钾硼肥配施处理(NPKB)平均产量为2015kg·hm(-2),与不施肥相比,NPKB、缺B (NPK)、缺P (NKB)、缺K(NPB)和缺N(PKB)分别增产1121、839、758、746和249kg·hm(-2); NPKB配施处理下各主要经济性状表现较好,有利于对N,P.K,B素的吸收利用;效益分析表明,NPKB配施效益达到5449.5元/hm2,比不施肥增收2231.1元/hm2,其次是缺B(NPK)、缺P(NKB)、缺K(NPB),分别比不施肥增收1298.4,1280.7和1541.1元/hm2,而不施氮肥的处理减收206.1元/hm2.[结论]NPKB配施对甘蓝型杂交油菜增产、增收效果显著,是保证高效生产的技术关键.