干旱区盐碱地覆膜滴灌不同年限对糯玉米生长和产量的影响

摘要

[Objective]Soil environment had changed greatly during the reclamation of saline-sodic soils with drip irrigation technology. Crop growth is the comprehensively reflection of this change. In this paper, the response of waxy corn growth and yield to changes of soil environment during the reclamation process of saline-sodic soils was investigated.[Method]Through the method of field experiment, the emergency rate, height, the stem perimeter, the dry biomass, the yield of waxy corn and irrigation water use efficiency in the fields of reclaimed and drip irrigated for 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years were determined and the response mechanism of waxy corn to soil environment changes was investigated. [Result]Results showed that using the irrigation method that irrigated about 30 mm water at first time after crop sowing and then used tensiometer, which was buried at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter, to control soil matric potential higher than-10 kPa could guarantee emergence rate above 90%and high yield of waxy corn. Even in the field with drip-irrigation and cropped in the first year.The height, the stem perimeter, the dry biomass, the yield of waxy corn and irrigation water use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation and cropping years. There was a significant difference in these indexes among different irrigation and cropping years during the corn growth period. In addition, the growth rhythm of waxy corn in different treatments had significant differences also. [Conclusion]Application of drip irrigation and cropping technology introduced in this paper for reclaimation of saline-sodic soils, soil environments changed greatly with the increase of the irrigation and cropping years. The changes of saline-sodic soils were reflected by the growth index and yield of waxy corn.%[目的]探讨糯玉米生长及产量对盐碱地改良过程中土壤环境变化的响应，以期为干旱区利用覆膜滴灌技术可持续利用盐碱地提供理论依据。[方法]通过田间试验方法，研究滴灌种植1年、2年、3年和4年的地块上糯玉米的出苗率、株高、茎周、地上部生物量和产量以及灌溉水利用效率，探讨糯玉米对盐碱地土壤环境变化的响应机理。[结果]滴灌条件下盐碱地上第一次灌水为30 mm左右，而后利用埋设在滴头下方20 cm深处的负压计调控土壤基质势在-10kPa的灌水方法能够保证较高的出苗率达到90%以上以及获得较高产量，即使是滴灌种植第1年。同时糯玉米的株高、茎周、生物量、产量和灌溉水利用效率均随滴灌种植年限的增加而增加，且不同种植年限之间存在显著差异。另外不同滴灌种植年限的地块上糯玉米生长的节律也存在显著差异。[结论]应用本文介绍的滴灌种植技术改良盐碱地，土壤环境随着滴灌种植年限延长而发生了较大变化，而糯玉米的生长指标及产量能够反映出这种变化。