淹水对不同葡萄砧木生长及光合特性的影响

摘要

[目的]探讨葡萄砧木对淹水的生理响应,比较不同葡萄砧木耐涝性的强弱.[方法]以7个葡萄砧木为试材,采用盆栽淹水法,研究涝渍对葡萄砧木生长特性、叶片光合特性及根系生理指标的影响,用主成分分析和聚类分析对葡萄砧木耐涝性进行综合评价.[结果]淹水条件下,葡萄砧木新梢生长量、总干物质量、根系活力、总根长、总表面积、叶绿素含量和净光合速率较对照明显降低,各种类新梢生长量减少14.01％-34.92％,干重减少5.99％-30.79％.根系受影响程度高于叶片,表现为根冠比降低,砧木S04、101-14M、3309C和贝达受影响较小,1103P、140Ru、110R受影响较大；根系中相对膜透性增加,脯氨酸含量升高,缺氧诱导的乙醇脱氢酶活性升高.[结论]综合分析认为耐涝性强的砧木为S04、101-14M、3309C和贝达,耐涝性弱的砧木为1103P、140Ru和110R.%[Objective] The purpose of this study was to elucidate the physiological responses of grape rootstocks to waterlogging stress and compare their tolerances to waterlogging stress.[Method] Seven grape rootstocks varieties were treated with pot waterlogging to study the effects of waterlogging stress on the growth,leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root physiological indexes.Based on the principle component analysis and cluster analysis,the waterlogging-tolerance of these varieties were comprehensively evaluated.[Result] The results showed that shoot growth,total dry matter,root vitality,total root length,total root surface area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate under waterlogging stress obviously declined compared with the control,shoot growth decreased by 14.01％-34.92％ and dry weight decreased by 5.99％-30.79％.The impact on root was more serious than on leaf,showed that the root/shoot ratio decreased,SO4,101-14M,3309C and Beda were less influenced by waterlogging stress,while l103P,140Ru and 110R was more influenced; relative membrane permeability (RMP),proline (Pro) and ADH activities in roots were significantly increased.[Conclusion] SO4,101-14M,3309C and Beda showed higher tolerance to waterlogging stress,while 1103P,140Ru and 11 0R were sensitive to waterlogging stress.