企业规模和所有权对工艺生态创新的影响和作用机理:基于重庆制造业的调查

摘要

工艺生态创新是企业通过对生产体系进行改造或重构,在减少或避免不必要的废物产生的同时更有效率地将投入转化为产出,从而提高生产过程的经济、生态和社会绩效的过程与方法.通过对重庆制造企业的问卷调查,证实企业规模和所有权性质与工艺生态创新之间存在相关关系,但对不同创新措施的影响有所不同.以重庆钢铁集团为案例,剖析规模和所有权影响制造业开展工艺生态创新的作用机理,从中得出政策应起到激发创新动机、再分配创新资源、扩散创新成果、保护创新收益的作用的启示.%Process eco-innovation is a method which can improve the economic,ecological and social performance of producing process through a reconstruction of the producing system.It transforms inputs to outputs more efficiently and decreases the unnecessary waste at the same time.The impact of size and ownership to process eco-innovation was verified through a questionnaire among Chongqing manufacturing enterprises.But the effects were different on different kinds of innovational initiatives.The function mechanism was analyzed through a case study of Chongqing Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Several policy implications were derived from the analysis.They were triggering innovational motivation,redistributing innovational resources,diffusing innovational achievements and protecting innovational benefits.