上海市大气PM2.5污染特征及相关因素分析

摘要

利用2015年上海市大气污染物的监测数据,运用MATLAB7.0、SPSS等软件进行PM2.5质量浓度污染特征、变化规律以及PM2.5与其他污染气体的相关性分析.研究结果显示,2015年上海市PM25年平均浓度为53.6 μg/m3,相比基准年2013年,年均浓度下降14％;PM2.5浓度月变化曲线呈U型分布,其中,月均浓度数值1月份达到最高峰,为82.9 μg/m3;季节污染情况为:冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季;PM2.5日均浓度值全年波动较为稳定,超标天数占全年比率21.4％.根据AQI指标监测气体的相关性矩阵来看,PM2.5和PM10之间的相关性最大,相关系数为0.919;与CO、NO2、SO2等气体均有较强的相关关系.建议上海市应该优化产业结构、加强公共交通建设、采用清洁能源以期实现治污除霾的目标.%By using the monitoring data of air pollutants of Shanghai in 2015,pollution characteristics,variation trend and relativity of PM2.5 and other air pollutants were analyzed through SPSS and MATLAB7.0 software.The results showed that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 reached 53.6 μg/m3 which decreased 14％ comparing with the benchmark year in 2013.The monthly variation of PM2.5 presented a "U" type distribution and the average monthly maximum concentration was 82.9 μg/m3 occurred in January.Seasonal change magnitudes of PM2.5 pollution presented the sequence of winter ＞ spring ＞ autumn ＞ summer.The percentage of daily average concentration of PM2.5 failed to meet the secondary concentration limit of new national air quality standards was 21.4％,and the fluctuation of the concentration was stable.By calculating the correlation matrix of every AQI monitoring index,there was maximum correlation between PM2.5 and PM10.Person correlation coefficient of PM2.5and PM10 was 0.919.At the same time,CO,NO2 and SO2 also showed a significant correlation with PM2.5.In order to achieve the goal of curing haze,optimizing the industrial structure,strengthening the construction of public transportation,using the clean energy and so on are important.