硅酸盐岩风化碳汇与中国热带季风区花岗岩流域碳循环

摘要

为探讨岩石风化碳汇在环境变化过程中的作用,阐明硅酸盐岩风化作为地质时间尺度净碳汇在全球碳循环过程中的重要意义.综述了岩石化学风化与环境变化之间的关系,总结了岩石风化领域的研究进展,重点论述了有关玄武岩和花岗岩地区碳汇速率的研究成果.结果表明,学者对玄武岩流域的研究开展较早,涉及玄武岩台地、火山岛屿及大陆边缘火山带等代表区域,但由于其在陆壳硅酸盐岩面积比例较低,当综合评价全球硅酸盐岩的碳汇能力时,花岗岩地区更具代表性.有关花岗岩地区的研究集中在北美洲和欧洲地区,学者对亚洲季风区,尤其是热带季风地区关注较少.事实上,热带地区花岗岩风化速率为10.05～44.3t·km-2·y-1,平均碳汇能力达5.25×105mol·km-2·y-1,与国内外已有成果相比,中国热带季风区花岗岩正经历快速风化和较高的CO2吸收通量,加上区域内特殊的河流碳输送规律,该区域在全球碳循环研究中意义重大.然而,目前中国花岗岩流域碳循环研究主要在温带及亚热带地区展开,无疑,对于中国热带季风区花岗岩流域碳循环的研究应是学者未来关注的重点.%In order to explore the role of rock weathering carbon sinks in the process of environmental change and the significance of silicate rocks weathering as the net carbon sink during the geological time scale in the global carbon cycle.The relationship between rock chemical weathering and environmental change was reviewed, the re-search progress in the field of rock weathering was summarized, and the research results of carbon sinks in basalt and granite areas was focused.The results showed that the studies on the basalt basins were carried out earlier, in-volving the basaltic platform, the volcanic island and the continental margin volcanic belt and other representative areas, however, the granite areas were more representative when the global silicate rock carbon sink capacities were comprehensive evaluated because of its high proportion in the crust silicate area.The studies on granite areas were concentrated in North America and Europe, and scholars were less concerned about the Asian monsoon region, es-pecially in the tropical monsoon region.In fact, the granite weathering rate in the tropical area was 10.05～44.3 t·km-2·y-1, and the average carbon sink capacity was 5.25×105mol·km-2·y-1, which illustrated that the tropi-cal monsoon granites was experiencing rapidly weathering with the high CO2uptake fluxes compared with the exist-ing achievements at home and abroad.Coupled with the special river carbon transport laws, the region was signifi-cant in the global carbon cycle studies.However, the researches of carbon cycle in granite basin in China were mainly investigated in temperate and subtropical regions.No doubt, the carbon cycle research on the tropical gran-ite-hosted in China will be the focus of scholars in the future.