光纤光栅传感器在工程结构监测中的探究

摘要

新兴的布拉格光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感技术目前在国内越来越引起工程技术人员的关注,特别在土木工程领域.而在飞行器结构中的应用报道仍然很少,国内飞行器结构的健康监测仍然采用传统的电测法.电测法容易受到飞行器结构在运行中的电磁干扰而影响其精度,并且在小应变下存在零漂现象.新型的FBG传感技术具有抗电磁干扰和无零漂现象,正好可以克服电测法的以上缺陷.本研究为了使FBG传感技术能满足飞行器结构健康监测的需求,采用实验与实践相结合的方法,结果表明FBG应变传感器不仅在等强度悬臂梁应变监测试验中还是在实际机翼静态加载应变监测中都能准确地反映出监测点处的应变变化情况,并且克服了电测法在结构小应变下存在的零漂现象.%Emerging Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor technology has drawn increasing concern of engineers and technicians in China,particularly in the field of civil engineering.However,reports on the application of FBG sensor technology in aircraft structure are still rare.The traditional electrical measurement method is still used in domestic aircraft structural health monitoring.As is known to all,the electrical measurement method is susceptible to electromagnetic interference in the operation of aircraft structure,which affects its accuracy.At the same time,there is a possibility that zero drift phenomenon exists in the case of small strain state of engineering structure.Emerging FBG sensor technology with anti-electromagnetic interference and non-zero drift phenomenon can overcome the above defects.To meet the needs of aircraft structural health monitoring,this research adopts a combination of experiment and practice.The results show that the FBG strain sensor can accurately reflect the strain state of the monitoring points both in the strain monitoring test of the beam with constant strength,and in the static loading test of real airfoil,and overcome zero drift phenomenon in the case of small strain state.