煤炭开采区的生态补偿包括对生态损害的补偿、对厂商与居民负担的外部成本补偿以及对新资源和替代能源的开发补偿三部分.将煤炭开采区的生态损害补偿过程分为生态修复、生态恢复和生态平衡3个阶段.通过确定煤炭开采区生态损害补偿3个阶段的生态补偿目标,构建各阶段土地、植被和水环境生态损害补偿的评估模型,分别测算了完成生态修复、生态恢复和生态平衡3个阶段补偿目标所需的生态损害补偿总量和每t煤所需提取的生态损害补偿金额.%Compensation for the ecological damage in the exploitive zones of coal mines includes costs for restoring the damaged environments, for the local citizens and the enterprises, and for development of the new and alternative resources. In the exploitive zones of coal mines, the restoration compensation process was divided into three stages: the ecological restoration stage, the ecological recovery stage and the ecological balance stage. Based on the determination of the compensation objective in each of the three stages, an evaluation model for restoration compensation in soil, vegetation and water environments in each stage was constructed. The total compensation cost in each stage, and the compensation cost for every ton of coal, were calculated by the model.
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