我国天然草地毒害草化学防控研究进展

摘要

China is an abundant grassland resources country,and it has an area of 393 million hm2 of the natural grassland covers.Natural grassland is known as green natural barrier that its economic values in-clude climate regulating,wind breaking and sand fixing,air purifying,biodiversity maintaining and so on. For a long time,as to the drought of natural grassland,rodent-insect harms and overgrazing,These rea-sons lead to grassland degraded and desertized seriously,ecological environment deteriorated continually, esculent herbage sharply reduced.Therefore,a large number of poisonous weeds breed and spread in natu-ral grassland.In the late 1980s or the early 1990s,the area of poisonous weed has reached 72 million hm2 in Xinjiang within less than 30 years.Poisonous weed is known as a kind of green killer for natural grassland,which usually causes grazing animals poisoning,or in the form of outbreak,and can lead to se-vere economic losses.Herdsmen's production,living and social stability and state ecological safety were threatened in our country.The harm to animal husbandry,herbicide development,herbicide kinds and the application of the herbicides were described,meanwhile in order to pay attention to problems in poisonous weeds,and understand ecological function and comprehensive utilization of poisonous weeds in natural grassland in this paper.%我国拥有天然草地面积3．93亿 hm2，位居世界第二。天然草地是我国重要的绿色生态屏障，具有调节气候、防风固沙、保持水土、涵养水源、固氮储碳、净化空气、维护生物多样性等重要功能，也是发展草地畜牧业的重要物质基础。长期以来，由于天然草地干旱、鼠虫害、超载过牧等因素的影响，导致草地严重退化、沙化、生态持续恶化，可食牧草急剧减少，而毒害草却大量滋生和蔓延。毒害草导致牲畜中毒呈现多发、频发，甚至暴发态势，经济损失严重，被称为天然草地的“绿色杀手”。对我国西部地区牧民的生产、生活、社会稳定和国家生态安全造成威胁。论文围绕毒害草对草地畜牧业的危害、除草剂发展历程、除草剂种类、除草剂在防控主要毒害草方面的应用等方面进行综述，并提出今后毒害草防控中应注意的问题，对科学认识毒害草在天然草地中的生态作用和综合利用有指导意义。