Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700, Japan;
Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan;
Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu-shi 501-1193, Japan;
Tibetan Plateau; grassy marshland surface; aerodynamic roughness; thermodynamic roughness; excess resistance to heat transfer;
