Materials Research Center,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;
Materials Research Center,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 110014,China;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 110014,China;
oxidation; ion-implantation; acoustic emission; laser Raman; yttrium;