Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Anshan University of Science and Technology, Anshan 114002, China;
Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Anshan University of Science and Technology, Anshan 114002, China;
Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110006, China;
Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Anshan University of Science and Technology, Anshan 114002, China;
Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Anshan University of Science and Technology, Anshan 114002, China;
dual gas-solid reactions with converse vector; critical rate; diffusion coefficient;