黄条(Seriola aureovittata)形态度量与内部结构特征

摘要

Yellowtail kingfish,Seriola aureovittata,is a globally distributed marine pelagic fish species,and is of great economic importance all over the world.Many countries including China has launched the artificial culture of this species due to its fast growth,nutritional value and market value.The biological characteristics are basic knowledge for aquaculture biology and especially for taxonomy and evolutionary ecology.To understand the biological characteristics of S.aureovittata,both external morphological traits and internal anatomy were investigated by using traditional,morphometric,anatomical and statistical measurement methods.The truss network of S.aureovittata was constructed by computer simulation.The morphology of otolith and scale was described.Calculating the ratios between morphological traits,suggested the ratios of total length (TL)/soma length (SL),lower jaw length (LJL)/upper jaw length (UJL),peduncle length (PL)/peduncle distance (PD) were closely correlated.The mathematical correlation models between TL,body height (BH) and body weight (BW) were calculated with the formulas:BW=2.1652TL2-140.35TL+2479.9 (R2=0.9812) and BW=0.7575SL3.0059 (R2=0.9816).The correlation analysis showed that 11 morphological traits were significantly correlated except for the eye diameter (ED).The path analysis indicated that BH and SL were main factors affecting BW,with the determining coefficient of 41.34％ and 13.11％,respectively,and the synergistic determining coefficient was 42.88％.The internal structure was also described.For S.aureovittata,the ratios of intestine length/total length were between 0.62 and 0.69,and the vertebra number was between 23 and 25.Furthermore,total meat yield could achieve 75％ of BW.Our results provided the morphometric tools for species identification,systematic taxonomy,breeding and aquaculture production of S.aureovittata.%为了全面认识黄条(Seriola aureovittata)生物学特性,利用传统测量方式、框架测度法、几何形态测量法和解剖学方法,观察和测度了其外部形态特征、可量与可数性状及内部结构特征,并模拟构建了黄条形态性状度量框架图.观察了黄条不同部位鳞片和耳石形态特征,比较了各形态度量性状的比值关系,发现全长与体长比值、下颌长与上颌长比值、尾柄长与尾柄高比值变异较小,表明这些性状关联密切.利用统计分析方法建立了黄条全长(TL)与体重(BW)之间的关系模型:BW=2.1652TL2-140.35TL+2479.9 (R2=0.9812),体高(BH)与体重间的关系模型:BW=0.7575BH30059(R2=0.9816).研究分析表明,在黄条的12个可量形态性状中,除眼径外的其他11个形态性状间均存在显著相关关系.通径分析进一步揭示了体高和体长性状是影响体重的2个关键因素,其对体重的决定程度分别达41.34％和13.11％,它们对体重的共同决定程度达42.88％.本研究观察描述了黄条内部结构特征,其比肠长为0.62-0.69,脊椎骨数量为23-25,总出肉率可达75％.本研究结果可为黄条种质判别、系统分类及人工繁育与养殖技术开发提供形态认知依据.