Toward an in-depth evaluation of the ecosystem component of CMIP6 Earth system models

摘要

Reliable future climate projection is essential to provide the scientific basis for climate mitigation and adaptation policies.The Earth system model(ESM)is an important tool for future climate projection,as it provides future climate projections under various scenarios and inferences of potential solutions to climate mitigation and adaptation.However,projecting future climate using ESMs has proven challenging because these models consist of highly complex coupled components that simulate the Earth system''s physical,chemical,and biological processes.Compared to previous Coupled Model Intercom-parison Project(CMIP)phases,the sixth phase of the CMIP(CMIP6)now includes more improved ESMs.The improve-ments in the spatial resolution,parameterization,and repre-sentation of processes of these latest-generation ESMs provide opportunities to advance our understanding of the Earth sys-tem but are also likely to increase the spread of the simulations across ESMs(Pascoe et al.,2019).Comparison of model simulations against observations is essential for improving confidence in their utility for climate projections and attribu-tion studies and for identifying deficiencies in models such that the parameterization and representation of processes can be further improved.