银锗合金的元素分析

摘要

为准确测定银锗合金中银和锗的含量,选择了滴定法和ICP - AES光谱法.得出以下结论:①采用常规的伏尔哈特法和电位滴定法测定银含量,锗元素不会产生干扰.2种方法均可用于日常检测,电位滴定法更适宜用于仲裁检验和监督抽查；②ICP - AES光谱法测定银合金中银含量的常规方法是先将样品用稀硝酸溶解后加盐酸沉淀银,再分析滤液中的其它金属杂质元素.使用含C1-试剂溶解银锗合金时,当温度≥86℃会引起GeCl4的挥发,对分析锗含量的影响较大,采用此法须严格控制温度；③尝试了用滴定后的溶液过滤定容后再测定锗含量.实际样品测试结果与其他元素含量分析结果的元素总合量趋于100％,由此表明测试滴定的滤液所得检测结果准确,选用该方法操作简单,结果更为理想.%In order to accurately determine the content of silver and germanium in silver germanium alloys , the National Center of Jewellery Quality Supervision and Inspection of China choses titration and ICP - AES spectrometry methods. It is concluded that: ① Using common Volhard method and potentiometric titration to determine the content of silver, germanium elements won't generate interference. The two methods can be used for routine testing, potentiometric titration is more suitable for arbitration inspection and supervision inspection; ② Using ICP - AES spectrometry to determine the content of silver in silver alloys the procedure is first dissolving the sample by dilute HNO3, after that adding HC1 to precipitate silver, and then analysing the impurity elements in filtrate. Using a Cl- reagent to dissolve and process the silver germanium alloys can cause GeCl4 to be volatilized, when temperature ≥86℃ It will generate greater interference for determining the content of germanium. Using this method the temperature should be strictly controlled. ③We choose the filtrate after potentiometric titration to determine the content of germanium. The actual sample test results and other elements content analysis results right plus tend to 100%. This shows that the test results of analysing the filtrate is accurate and the method is more ideal for simple operation.