制造业外商直接投资撤离对中国就业的影响

摘要

FDI in manufacturing industry comes to China for cheap labor .It has created a large number of jobs and became an important part of Chinese economy .This paper analyze the impact of FDI withdrawing in manufacturing industry on Chinese employment , through the feature of manufacturing FDI and its relative importance in China .It comes to conclusion that manufacturing FDI in China is much more labor-intensive , elastic to labor cost .Its withdrawing has negative impact on Chinese employment , of which the unskilled type of labor is severely affected .On the condition that the segmentation of labor market increases the cost of labor remarkably in China , it is suggested that the elimination of labor market segmentation may alleviate the bad effect of FDI withdrawing on employment .%制造业外商直接投资的进入为中国创造了大量就业岗位，成为中国经济的重要组成部分。随着劳动力成本上升，2008年以来出现了制造业外商投资企业撤出中国的现象。本文从在华制造业外商直接投资的特点入手，分析制造业外商直接投资撤离的原因以及对中国就业的影响。在华制造业外商投资企业相对劳动密集，劳动力成本上升导致其撤离中国，对中国的就业产生负面冲击，其中非熟练劳动力受到的冲击更大。而中国劳动力成本的上升与劳动力市场分割密切相关。打破劳动力市场的分割有利于缓解制造业外商直接投资撤离对中国就业的不利影响。