Beijing Institute of Control Engineering 100080's Republic of China;
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics of Physics'an Jiaotong University'an 710049's Republic of China;
Institute of Plasma Physics Institute of Physical Sciences Academy of Sciences 230031's Republic of China;
magnetoplasma dynamic thruster; nano-oxide cathode; ablation models;