玉米根萤叶甲的抗逆性与防治研究进展

摘要

The western corn rootworm,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte,is the most important pest of corn in the US Com Belt in terms of both yield losses and control costs.The rootworm has remarkable capacity to evolve not only resistance to cyclodiene,organophosphates and carbamates,but also to cultural control practices such as crop rotation.This beetle is also highly invasive.Over the past 60 years,it has spread from the midwest to the eastem coast of the USA,and more recently has invaded Eastern Europe.Therefore,managing and quarantining rootworm populations are extremely difficult.Recently,transgenic corn varieties that express insecticidal proteins(e.g.,Cry3Bb1,Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 or modified Cry3A)derived from the soil bacterium,Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt),have been developed and used as a control method for the rootworm. However,its potential adaptation to Bt corn presents an urgent challenge to sustainable pest management approaches.In this paper,the rootworm life cycle,resistance evolution and control are reviewed and discussed.%玉米根萤叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte)在美国是最重要的玉米害虫.它不仅对一些环戊二烯、有机磷类和氨基甲酸盐类化学杀虫剂产生了很强的抗药性,还对玉米-大豆轮作和调整播期等农业防治措施产生了适应性.此外,该虫有较广的适生性和扩展性.在过去的60年内,它从美国中西部传到了东北部沿海地区,并入侵欧洲定殖为害.新近采用的防治方法主要是种植转Bt基因抗虫玉米.表达经生物工程改良并导入的某个Bt毒素基因如Cry3Bb1、Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1或mCry3A的转基因抗虫玉米可毒杀取食的玉米根萤叶甲.但在转Bt基因玉米使用数年后,田间观察和温室筛选研究显示,玉米根萤叶甲具有对转基因玉米的潜在抗性.本文对该叶甲与防治有关的生物学特性、抗逆性及其机制、防治措施做了综述和讨论,旨在对该害虫的检疫防除有所帮助.