温度对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响

摘要

Bradysia difformis Frey was reared with leek under constant temperatures of 10,1 5,20,25 and 30 ℃to evaluate the effect of temperature on the development and fecundity of B .difformis .The results showed that the developmental duration of B .difformis was progressively shortened with the increase of temperature under 10 ℃,and the developmental duration from egg to pupa was the longest,with an average of 71.96 d,while under 30 ℃,the average developmental duration from egg to pupa shorten to 1 6.28 d.Developmental threshold temperature of eggs,larvae,pupae and eggs-pupae were respectively 4.04,5.79,8.38 and 4.97 ℃,and the effective tempera-tures were respectively 102.36,218.03,48.57 and 395.79 degree-days.Adult lifespans were gradually shortened with the increase of temperature,and female life expectancy was longer than male’s.Fecundity reached the high-est 1 1 7.25 under 25 ℃,but under 10 ℃,it reached the lowest 43.87.In the range of 10 ℃ to 25 ℃,as the tem-perature rose gradually,its intrinsic rate of increase increased,reaching to 0.207 2 under 25 ℃.There were sig-nificant differences between the 4 temperatures.%以韭菜为食物,将异迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia difformis Frey)在10、15、20、25和30℃等5种恒温条件下饲养,观察温度对异迟眼蕈蚊发育和繁殖的影响。结果显示,异迟眼蕈蚊的发育历期随温度升高而逐渐缩短,在10℃时,卵至蛹的发育历期最长,平均为71.96 d,30℃下,卵至蛹的平均发育历期缩短到16.28 d。卵、幼虫、蛹和卵至蛹的发育起点温度分别为4.04、5.79、8.38和4.97℃,有效积温分别为102.36、218.03、48.57和395.79日·度。成虫寿命随着温度升高而逐渐缩短,雌虫寿命均长于雄虫。单雌产卵量在25℃下最高,为117.25粒,10℃最低,为43.87粒。在10~25℃下,随着温度的升高其内禀增长率逐渐增高,25℃时达到0.2072,4个温度之间存在显著差异。