Depositional characteristics and petroleum geological significance of wetland

摘要

Wetland is a new type of sedimentary facies proposed for the first time in this paper.It is a type of sedimentary environment,transitional between land facies and water(sea or lake) facies.In this paper,wetland is redefined as "a type of sedimentary environments whose ground surface is flat and wet throughout the year,which may be covered with very shallow water(less than 2 m deep),and is covered with lush plant growth".Wetland is reclassified into two types,swamp wetland(swamp in brief) and wet plain wetland(wet plain in brief).Swamp deposits are coal,while wet plain deposits are dark colored mudstones or silty mudstones rich in plant fossils and carbon debris.The deposits of wet plain are different from those of lake and floodplain in the abundance of plant fossils,color,resistivity well logging curve,and other sedimentary characteristics.In boreholes,resistivity logging can be used to distinguish between wet plain mudstones and lake mudstones.Understanding the sedimentary characteristics of wet plain wetland can help to identify wet plain deposits which were formerly classified as floodplain or lake deposits.This will help to reconstruct the palaeogeography and to understand the history of basin and climate evolution accurately,and is especially important in evaluation of the hydrocarbon generating potential of a basin.With the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation of the Yanqi Basin as an example,the identification characteristics of wetland are described.