School of Civil Engineering;
Central South University;
Changsha;
Hunan 410075;
China;
Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Stability Control and Health Monitoring;
Hunan University of Science and Technology;
Xiangtan;
Hunan 411201;
China;
School of Hydraulic Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology;
Changsha 410114;
China;
Multi-sphere clump; Local non-convexity; Discrete element method; Biaxial shear test; Contact type; Critical shear strength;