Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University Qinhuangdao 066003 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China;
Flight energy efficiency; Flight kinematics; Flight speed; Maximum load-lifting capacity;