坏账和延期支付策略下采购商最优订货模型

摘要

在供应商、采购商及其顾客组成的三级供应链结构中,供应商提供给采购商较长的延期支付期限,采购商提供给其顾客较短的延期支付期限.且由于顾客为不特定多数,存在一定的坏账风险.文章从采购商的角度出发,分析在二阶延期支付策略下,坏账影响下采购商的最优订货策略.首先,考虑到坏账会影响采购商的利息收入和利息支出,因此文章从低坏账率和高坏账率两种情形出发,探讨了坏账影响下采购商的利息收入与利息支出,建立了相应的决策模型.其次,通过模型的分析求解,得出采购商的最优订货周期和最优订货批量的判定方法,进一步分析了各参数对采购商最优决策的影响.最后,通过数值分析对有关结论进行了验证,文章的分析研究不仅具有一定的理论意义,而且可以更好地指导采购商的订货决策.%In the three stage supply chain consisting of the supplier, buyer and its customers, the supplier offers the buyer the delayed payment, while the buyer supplies a shorter delayed payment time to its customers. For non-specific customers, there exists the risk of bad debt. From the point of buyers, we analyze the optimal order policies in the effect of bad debt. Firstly, we conside the influence of the bad debt on the interest income and interest expense, and discuss the interest income and interest expense of buyers to build the decision model in the two situations of low bad debt rate and high bad debt rate. Secondly, we discuss the optimal order period and the optimal order quantity for the buyer by analyzing the model. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of parameters on the retailer's optimal order policies. Finally, the numerical analysis is presented to demonstrate the conclusion, which not only is of theoretical significance, but also better guides the order decision for the buyer.