VTI介质角度域叠前深度偏移

摘要

研究了VTI介质角度域偏移方法,以各向同性双平方根方程的角度域偏移方法为基础,从VTI介质qP波频散关系出发,推导出VTI介质角度域偏移的波场延拓算子;在频率—波数域处理以横向均匀速度传播的波场,在空间域处理具有速度扰动特征的波场以提高波场延拓精度.模型试算和实际资料处理结果表明:各向同性偏移方法由于未考虑各向异性参数的影响,绕射波不能完全收敛,波场聚焦效果差,降低了成像剖面的分辨率和信噪比,不能对地质构造精确成像;VTI介质角度域偏移可对断层、盐丘、小尺度地质体精确成像.对于角度域偏移产生的角度域共成像点道集(ADCIG)而言,各向同性偏移的ADCIG同相轴无法校平,残留断点绕射波,波场无法正确聚焦,不能正确反映局部地质特征;VTI介质偏移的ADCIG同相轴较平直,角度范围更宽,波场归位准确,精度较高.因此,利用VTI介质角度域偏移方法可对复杂构造精确成像.%The angle domain migration in VTI media is discussed in this paper.Based on the angle domain migration of isotropic double-square-root equation,a wavefield extension operator of angle domain migration in VTI media is derived from the qP wave dispersion equation. The complex velocity and anisotropic parameter field are divided into two parts,one is lateral uniform background field,and the other is the disturbances of velocity and anisotropic parameters.Then the wave propagated at a uniform velocity and anisotropy field is processed in the frequency wavenumber domain,and the wave propagated at a velocity and anisotropy disturbance field is corrected by time-shift in the spatial domain.So the accuracy of wave field extension is greatly improved.Based on our model and real data tests,the following observation are obtained:A.Because the isotropic migration method does not take into account the influence of anisotropy parameters, the diffraction wave cannot be completely converged and the wavefield is misfocused,which causes low resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio.So conventional migration methods cannot accurately image geological structures,while the VTI media migration can accurately image faults,salt mounds,and small scale geological bodies;B.For the angle domain common imaging gathers(ADCIGs)generated by the prestack migration, the event of the isotropic method cannot be equalized, the residual fault diffraction is wound and the wavefield cannot be properly focused,which cannot correctly reflect local geological characteristics,while the ADCIGs from VTI media migration are relatively straight,the angle range is wider,the wavefield is accurately positioned.So the image accuracy is higher. Therefore,the angle domain migration in VTI media can be suitable for complex-structure accurate imaging.