This paper has introduced the basic connotation and characteristics of mineral resources property rights,discussed the evolution path of establishment and development of the mineral resources property management system. On this basis, this paper has analyzed the main theoretical defects and actual problems that we face in the design and operation of current mineral resources property rights system. This can be seen most clearly in the following aspects:the ownership does notreach the designated position;confusing administrative licensing with property right; the administrative power infringes the property rights; property acting is ambiguous; and the economic relationship isn't in sequence. According to the reform requirements of improving national natural resources assets management system, this paper not only puts forward the thinking framework for further deepening the reform of mineral resources property rights institutions, but also proposes some measures for strengthening top-level design of mineral resource institutions, implementing the national ownership of mineral resources,perfecting both property entrusted agency relationship and paid use system of resources.%文章阐述了矿产资源产权的基本内涵和特点，梳理了我国矿产资源产权管理制度建立与发展的演变轨迹，剖析了现行矿产资源产权制度设计和运行中的主要理论缺陷和现实问题，突出表现为所有权落实不到位、行政许可与财产权混淆、行政权侵害财产权、产权代理不明确、经济关系未理顺。在现状和问题分析基础上，按照健全国家自然资源资产管理体制的改革要求，提出了进一步深化矿产资源产权制度改革的思路框架，提出了加强矿产资源制度顶层设计、落实矿产资源国家所有权、完善产权委托代理关系、完善有偿使用制度等对策建议。
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