To counteract the deleterious effects of high salinity on cell osmotic pressure,halotolerant or halophilic microorganisms,a particular class of organic compatible solutes ectoines(abbreviated to Ects) was accumulated.Ects mainly includes ectoine and its hydroxylated derivative 5-hydroxyectoine(5-HE).Ects not only can balance the intracellular osmotic pressure,but also provide anti-reverse assistance for proteins,nucleic acids,cell membrane and even whole cells under the extreme conditions of high temperature,cold,drought,high pH value,high pressure or high salt.In this review,the importance of current and potential applications of ectoines as protecting agents for macromolecules and cells,together with their potential as therapeutic agents for certain diseases were summarized.In addition,its current prospects of biological medicine and health care application were also discussed.%四氢嘧啶及衍生物(Ectoines,Ects)是嗜盐或耐盐细菌胞内合成的一类能够抵抗外界高盐胁迫的有机相容溶质(Compatible solute),主要包括四氢嘧啶(Ectoine)与羟基化四氢嘧啶(5-hydroxyectoine,5-HE).在高温、干旱、高pH值、高压和高盐等极端环境条件下,Ects不仅能够平衡细胞的渗透压,而且对蛋白质、DNA、细胞膜以及整个细胞提供抗逆协助作用.本文综述了Ects对生物大分子和细胞的保护与稳定作用,以及在临床疾病治疗应用方面的辅助作用,并讨论与展望了Ects在生物医药制剂和生物保健开发等方面的应用前景.
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