Department of Urology;
The First Affiliated Hospital;
Xi’an Jiaotong University;
Xi’an 710061;
China;
Department of Thoracic Surgery;
Tangdu Hospital;
Air Force Medical University;
Xi’an 710038;
China;
Department of Urology;
Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital;
People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College;
Hangzhou 310014;
China;
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics;
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering;
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education;
Southeast University;
Nanjing 210096;
China;
surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS); internal reference; bladder cancer; non-invasive detection; SERS imaging;