微铣削主轴-刀具系统研究

摘要

Micro-milling spindle tool system is the core of ultra-precision and ultra high-speed micro-milling technology, which directly affects the performance of the micro-milling effect. Through modeling and analy-sis of spindle micromachining system, characteristics of spindle micromachining that significantly affect the micromachining process are studied. Critical speeds and first 6 order modal shapes of the system are ob-tained. The relationship between micro-milling tool overhang and the critical speeds and first 6 order modal shapes of the system is analyzed, so is the relationship between tool tip runout and critical speeds and first 6 order modal shapes of the system. The analysis revealed that the tool overhang becomes larger, the lower the critical speed of the spindle tool system basically unchanged, while the higher-order critical speed de-creased rapidly. The position of the tool nose points under the lower order modes changes more, while small change happens under higher modes. The dynamics of spindle tool system need to be analyzed in order to obtain the optimal overhang of the tool corresponding to spindle to improve the micromilling process.%微铣削主轴刀具系统是超精密超高速微铣削加工技术的核心，其性能好坏直接影响微铣削加工效果。通过对微细加工主轴刀具系统进行建模与分析，探讨该系统中对微细加工过程影响明显的特性，求出了该系统的临界转速以及各阶模态振型，分析微铣削刀具悬伸量同临界转速、各阶模态振型的关系以及刀尖跳动的关系。通过分析发现，刀具悬伸量变大，主轴刀具系统低级临界转速基本不变，而高阶临界转速迅速下降，同时低阶振型下刀尖点的位移变化较大，而高阶振型下变化较小。在实际加工中要综合考虑主轴与刀具系统的动力学特性，从而优化配置主轴刀具系统配置，提升微细切削加工性能。