面向加工效率的曲面刀具路径优化方法

摘要

针对曲面数控加工中加工效率低的问题,提出了一种提高曲面类零件加工效率的刀具路径优化方法.首先对刀具路径优化问题进行描述,提出了刀具路径与加工效率的关系模型;再建立了以机床加工效率为优化目标,以主轴转速、进给量、切削功率、主轴力矩、加工行距为约束的优化模型;并根据曲面加工行距和加工质量的影响,对曲面离散化而生成合理的刀触点;利用蚁群算法对刀触点的连接顺序及无重复走刀方式进行优化求解.最后通过案例验证了该方法的有效性.%In view of the problem of low processing efficiency in NC machining of curved surface,a tool path optimization method is proposed to improve the machining efficiency of curved surface parts.Firstly,the problem of tool path optimization is described, and the relation model between the tool path and the processing efficiency is constructed, and a tool path optimization model is established which takes the machining efficiency as the optimization objective, with the constraints of the spindle speed, feedrate, cutting power, spindle torque and processing line.Then, according to the influencing factors of surface processing line and the machining quality, the reasonable cutter contact point is obtained through the surface discretization.Next, the connection order and the non-repetitive processing are optimized by using ant colony algorithm.Finally, the case results show that the method is effective.