GIS环境下洱海流域降雨径流模拟研究

摘要

降雨径流不仅是水循环的中间环节,也是流域众多地表过程的主要驱动力。研究洱海流域降雨径流的变化机制对于了解土壤侵蚀形成机理与污染物的运移动规律有至关重要的作用。该研究在GIS环境下,基于DEM构建了一个简单的降雨径流模型。模型将流域离散成栅格数据结构,根据降雨径流的特性,分为坡面栅格和河道栅格,并利用运动波方程进行汇流演算。模型在洱海流域进行试验,结果表明：模型基本满足洱海流域降雨径流模拟的需要;模型结构简单,模拟精度有待提高。%Rainfall-runoff is not only the middle part of the water cycle,but also the main driving force of surface processes for a number of basin.The research on changing mechanism of Erhai basin rainfall runoff played an importment role in understanding the formation mechanism of soil erosion and migration law of pollutants.In the GIS environment,the study built a simple rainfall-runoff model based on the DEM.Model basin discretized into raster data structure,according to the characteristics of rainfall runoff,the river was divided into slope grid and grid,convergence calculations were gave by kinematic wave equation.Model experiments were carried out in Erhai basin,the results showed that the basic model basically could meet the Erhai basin rainfall-runoff simulation need;model structure was simple,but the simulation accuracy needed to be improved.