基于最速下降的火星探测机会确定方法

摘要

采用变分法推导得出指标函数的数值偏导数矩阵，进而构造出一种最速下降法，能快速确定燃料最优两脉冲火星交会机会。算例表明，该方法能从 Pork-Chop 的概略搜索结果出发，快速给出2015~2018年度的探测火星机会，其地球出发能量仅7.7498 km2/s2，火星抵达速度为2.9747 km/s，地火转移时间约208.6天。此外，最速下降法还可以作为一种通用的深空探测机会搜索与转移轨道设计方法，在金星、木星、土星等星际任务分析中发挥作用。%　　Partial derivative matrix of objective function is derived by variational method, a steepest decent method is then formed, and this method is able to fast determine the optimum opportunity of two-impulse Mars rendezvous. Simulation shows that the presented method can fast determine the optimum Mars rendezvous opportunity from 2015 to 2018 by given the initial value from Pork-Chop plot. Earth departure energy is only 7.7498 km2/s2, the arrival velocity at Mars is 2.9747 km/s, and the transfer time to Mars is about 208.6 days. Furthermore, the method can also be used as a general deep space exploration opportunity searching and transfer obit design method, which will play an important role in interplanetary mission analysis.